Bridges-2 Regular Memory (RM) is the system's general-purpose, CPU-only tier; the workhorse for research that needs lots of cores rather than GPUs. With 128 cores in every node, it's built for workloads that parallelize across many CPUs: simulations, modeling, data analysis, and the pre- and post-processing stages that surround larger computations.
Its main strength is flexibility of scale. You can claim whole nodes for big parallel jobs, or request just a handful of cores for something small and only be charged for what you use, RM fits everything from a quick single-core script to a job spread across many nodes. For work that needs more memory headroom, a subset of nodes offers double the RAM. If your computation doesn't specifically need a GPU, RM is the default place it runs on Bridges-2.
Jobs
Jobs on RM nodes are scheduled with Slurm and run in one of three partitions, depending on how much of a node you need.
Usage is charged in core-hours: one core for one hour is 1 SU. So a full 128-core node costs 128 SUs per hour, while a part-node job in RM-shared is charged only for the cores it uses. Specific details are documented on the Accounting for Usage page on the Bridges-2 guide.
- RM — for jobs that use one or more whole 256 GB nodes. You request the number of nodes (
-N); each node gives you all 128 cores and is charged as 128 SUs per hour. Up to 64 nodes per job, 72-hour max walltime. - RM-shared — for jobs that need only part of a single 256 GB node. You request a number of cores (
--ntasks-per-node, up to 64) and are charged only for those — so 2 cores for 30 minutes costs just 1 SU. Jobs get 2 GB of memory per core and can't span nodes. Choosing RM-shared when you don't need a full node lowers your cost and usually shortens your wait. - RM-512 — the same as RM, but for the 16 higher-memory 512 GB nodes; these are always allocated whole (up to 2 nodes per job).
All three default to a 1-hour walltime (72-hour max) and 1 node if you don't specify otherwise.
For more detail, please visit the Bridges-2 Regular Memory page or the Summary table for the RM partition on the Bridges-2 guide.
A sample job script for the RM partition would look like this:
#!/bin/bash
#SBATCH -N 1
#SBATCH -p RM
#SBATCH -t 5:00:00
#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=128
# type 'man sbatch' for more information and options
# this job will ask for 1 full RM node (128 cores) for 5 hours
# this job would potentially charge 640 RM SUs
#echo commands to stdout
set -x
# move to working directory
# this job assumes:
# - all input data is stored in this directory
# - all output should be stored in this directory
# - please note that groupname should be replaced by your groupname
# - PSC-username should be replaced by your PSC username
# - path-to-directory should be replaced by the path to your directory where the executable is
cd /ocean/projects/groupname/PSC-username/path-to-directory
# run a pre-compiled program which is already in your project space
./a.outAfter that, you need a sbatch command to submit a job to the RM partition. An example of a sbatch command to submit a job to the RM partition, requesting one node for 5 hours is
sbatch -p RM -t 5:00:00 -N 1 myscript.job
where:
-p indicates the intended partition
-t is the walltime requested in the format HH:MM:SS
-N is the number of nodes requested
myscript.job is the name of your batch scriptDetailed information about batch jobs can be found in the Batch Jobs page of the guide.
Queue specifications
Metrics updated 2026-06-16
| Name | Purpose | Nodes | CPU cores / node | GPUs / node | Node RAM | Jobs
30 days
|
Wait Time
30-day trend
|
Wall Time
30-day trend
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RM | Jobs using one or more full 256 GB Regular Memory nodes. The standard general-purpose compute node. | — | 2x AMD EPYC 7742 CPUs (128 cores) | — | 256 GB | 25,677 |
|
|
| RM-shared | Jobs using part of a single 256 GB node (up to 64 cores), sharing the node with other jobs. The standard general-purpose compute node. | — | 2x AMD EPYC 7742 CPUs (128 cores) | — | 256 GB | 369,053 |
|
|
| RM-512 | Jobs using one or more full 512 GB Regular Memory nodes for memory-intensive workloads; these nodes cannot be shared. | — | 2 AMD EPYC 7742 CPUs (128 cores) | — | 512 GB | 689 |
|
|
Software
The following software packages are among the most frequently used on Bridges-2 RM, based on job data from XDMoD.
Most Frequently Used
| Application | Description | Research Discipline | Jobs |
|---|---|---|---|
| python | Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It supports multiple programming paradigms and has a vast ecosystem of libraries and frameworks. | Computer & Information Sciences, Software Engineering, Systems & Development | 322,040 |
| cp2k | CP2K is an open-source quantum chemistry and solid state physics software package designed to perform atomistic simulations of solid-state, liquid, molecular, and biological systems. It can be used to study a wide range of properties, including electronic structures, molecular dynamics, and vibrational spectra. | Physical Sciences | 34,879 |
| r | R is a free software environment for statistical computing and graphics. It compiles and runs on a wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows, and MacOS. | Computer Science | 33,917 |
| lammps | LAMMPS (Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator) is a classical molecular dynamics code designed for simulating large-scale atomistic systems. It is highly versatile and can be used to model a wide range of materials and complex molecular structures. | Chemical Sciences | 32,272 |
| lastz | 22,915 | ||
| q-espresso | 19,557 | ||
| gromacs | GROMACS (GROningen MAssive Parallel MD for Molecular Dynamics) is a versatile package for molecular dynamics simulations with a strong emphasis on high-performance computing capabilities. | Biological Sciences | 16,315 |
| orca | Orca is a flexible, efficient, and powerful quantum chemistry software written by Frank Neese and co-workers. It provides accurate and reliable computational simulations of molecular structures and properties based on quantum mechanical methods. | Chemical Sciences | 4,837 |
| samtools | Samtools is a suite of programs for interacting with high-throughput sequencing data generated in sequence alignment/map (SAM) format, such as those produced by the Short Read Mapping (SHRiMP) or Burrows-Wheeler Aligner (BWA) aligners. It allows various operations on SAM/BAM files, including indexing, sorting, merging, and manipulating sequence alignments. | Biological Sciences | 3,433 |
| gamess | The General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS) is a suite of ab initio quantum chemistry programs designed for electronic structure calculations of molecules and molecular reactions. It provides a wide range of methods for both molecules and periodic solids. | Chemical Sciences | 2,219 |
Datasets
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| 2019nCoVR: 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource | COVID-19 genomic surveillance data and metadata (hosted by NGDC). Webpage: https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/ncov/?lang=en. |
| AlphaFold | Predicted protein structures for the human proteome and other key proteins. Webpage: https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/. |
| CIFAR-10 | 60,000 labeled images across 10 classes; standard image-classification benchmark. Webpage: https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar.html.Path in Bridges-2: /ocean/datasets/community/cifar. |
| COCO | Large-scale image dataset for object detection, segmentation, and captioning. Webpage: https://cocodataset.org/. |
| CosmoFlow | ~10,000 cosmological dark-matter simulations. Access requires a request via the CosmoFlow request form. Webpage: https://portal.nersc.gov/project/m3363/. |
| ImageNet | Image dataset organized by WordNet hierarchy. Webpage: http://image-net.org/. |
| MNIST | Classic handwritten-digit dataset for image-processing benchmarks. Path in Bridges-2: /ocean/datasets/community/mnist. |
| Natural Languge Tool Kit Data | Corpora, grammars, and trained models for NLP. Webpage: http://www.nltk.org/nltk_data/. |
| OpenWebText | Path in Bridges-2: /ocean/datasets/community/openwebtext. |
| PREVENT-AD | Longitudinal multimodal data from cognitively healthy older adults at risk for Alzheimer's, from two prevention trials. Path in Bridges-2: /ocean/datasets/community/prevent_ad. |
| TCGA Images | Path in Bridges-2: /ocean/datasets/community/tcga_images. |
| Genomics datasets | These datasets are available to anyone with an allocation on Bridges-2. They are stored under /ocean/datasets/community/genomics. AUGUSTUS, BLAST, CheckM, Dammit, Homer, Kraken2, Pfam, Prokka Repbase
|
Storage
File System
| Directory | Path | Quota | Purge | Backup | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| $HOME | /jet/home/PSC-username | 25 GB | 3 months after allocation expires | Daily | |
| $PROJECT | /ocean/projects/groupname/PSC-username | 3 months after allocation expires | None | Quota size depends on allocation | |
| $LOCAL | Node-local (no global path) | Immediately after job ends | None | Quota varies by node type | |
| $RAMDISK | Node memory (no filesystem path) | Immediately after job ends | None | Quota depends on allocated node memory |
File Transfer
A variety of transfer methods are available for Bridges-2. All transfers must be initiated from your local machine through the dedicated Data Transfer Node (data.bridges2.psc.edu) rather than the login nodes, to avoid disrupting interactive use. DTNs are specifically built to be high-speed data connectors. Use rsync, scp, or sftp for standard command-line transfers, or Globus for large datasets or transfers with many files, since it can automatically retry and resume after interruptions.
For more information, please visit https://www.psc.edu/resources/bridges-2/user-guide#transferring-files and https://www.psc.edu/resources/bridges-2/user-guide#file-spaces.
| Supported Methods | Data Transfer Node | URL |
|---|---|---|
| GLOBUS | RECOMMENDED | PSC Bridges-2 /ocean and /jet filesystems | https://app.globus.org |
| RSYNC | data.bridges2.psc.edu | |
| SCP | data.bridges2.psc.edu | |
| SFTP | data.bridges2.psc.edu |
Login to Bridges-2 RM
2FA/MFA required for login
Bridges-2 can be accessed two ways: through OnDemand in a web browser, or via SSH from the command line. Both use your PSC credentials. When you connect, you are connecting to a Bridges-2 login node, which is meant for managing files, submitting batch jobs, and launching interactive sessions, not for production computing.
Before you connect, you must:
- Have an active ACCESS allocation on Bridges-2
- Have a PSC username and password. PSC usernames and passwords are the same across all PSC systems, so if you already have an active allocation on another PSC system, use those same credentials. Otherwise, set your password at the PSC password change utility.
Please also see the PSC Password Requirements.
Via OnDemand: Log in with your PSC credentials for a browser-based interface, file management, job submission, and interactive apps like Jupyter and RStudio, without the command line. You will still need to understand Bridges-2's partition structure and job limits. Use the yellow "ACCESS OnDemand Login" button below.
Via SSH:
1. Install an SSH client on your local machine if you don't already have one. Free clients are available for Mac, Windows, and Unix; macOS includes a command-line ssh in the Terminal app. PSC recommends HPN-SSH (High-Performance Networking SSH), which is the default implementation on Bridges-2's Data Transfer Nodes and requires no client-side changes to benefit from. Read more about it in the HPN-SSH PSC page.
2. Connect to hostname bridges2.psc.edu using the default port (22):
ssh PSC-username@bridges2.psc.edu3. Enter your PSC username and password when prompted.
4. On your first connection, your client will warn you that it has received an unknown host key. Choosing "Accept and save" logs you in and prevents the warning on future connections to that host.
More details about SSH in the About Using SSH page of the PSC guides.
Optional - public-private key authentication:
You can authenticate to PSC systems using a SSH public-private key pair by following these steps:
- Generate your public and private keys on your local machine. Your SSH client should provide a way to do this.
- Submit your public key to PSC via the PSC SSH Key Management system. Use your Kereberos password to gain access to the Key Manager.Within one business day, someone from PSC User Services will email you to verify the key addition.
- Once your key has been verified and installed, use the PSC SSH Key Management System to edit or delete your keys.
For more info about public-private keys, please visit the "Authenticating using a public-private key pair" section at the bottom of the About Using SSH page.